Shaw, Malcolm Nathan (2003). International law. Cambridge University Press. m/s. 178. Article 1 of the Montevideo Convention on Rights and Duties of States, 1 lays down the most widely accepted formulation of the criteria of statehood in international law. It note that the state as an international person should possess the following qualifications: '(a) a permanent population; (b) a defined territory; (c) government; and (d) capacity to enter into relations with other states'
Jasentuliyana, Nandasiri, penyunting (1995). Perspectives on international law. Kluwer Law International. m/s. 20. So far as States are concerned, the traditional definitions provided for in the Montevideo Convention remain generally accepted.
Wheaton, Henry (1836). Elements of international law: with a sketch of the history of the science. Carey, Lea & Blanchard. m/s. 51. A sovereign state is generally defined to be any nation or people, whatever may be the form of its internal constitution, which governs itself independently of foreign powers.
"sovereign", The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (ed. ke-4), Houghton Mifflin Company, 2004, dicapai pada 21 Februari 2010, adj. 1. Self-governing; independent: a sovereign state.
"sovereign", The New Oxford American Dictionary (ed. 2nd), Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005, ISBN0-19-517077-6, adjective ... [ attrib. ] (of a nation or state) fully independent and determining its own affairs.
↑ Robinson, E. H. (April 2008). "The Distinction Between State and Government" (PDF). Les Nouvelles d'Addis Magazine. halaman 556–566. Dicapai pada 4 Januari 2010. Periksa date values in: |year= / |date= mismatch (bantuan)
↑ Crawford, J. (2006). The Creation of States in International Law (ed. 2nd). Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN0-19-826002-4.
